FACTORS, MULTIPLES, PRIMES, AND EQUALITY
LEARNING GOAL #1:
We will learn to find the factors and multiples of any whole number, as well as the common factors and multiples between two numbers. We will also learn which numbers are prime numbers and how to reduce a number using a prime factorization tree.
OBJECTIVES:
You will be tested on:
1) Finding the factors and multiples of a given number.
2) Comparing the factors and multiples of two numbers.
3) Identifying prime and composite numbers.
4) Reducing a number using a prime factorization tree.
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LEARNING GOAL #2:
We are learning to understand that the equal sign means "same amount on both sides" and how to solve for an unknown number.
OBJECTIVES:
You will be tested on:
1) Solving a one-step multiplication equation that has one unknown number.
FACTORS AND MULTIPLES
Helpful Videos
Finding Factors
Greatest Common Factor
Prime Numbers and Factor Trees
Sometimes it is important to compare the factors and multiples of two numbers. We often must find the Least Common Multiple (LCM) or the Greatest Common Factor (GCF) between two numbers.
LCM = smallest multiple that is the SAME with both numbers
GCF = biggest factor that is the SAME for both numbers
PRIME NUMBERS
A prime number is a number that can't be broken down into factors. Its only factors are 1 and itself.
Sometimes we need to break a number down until we only have its prime factors. We use a method called prime factorization for this, which is also called a factor tree.
When we multiply the bottom branch of prime numbers together, we should get the original number.
BALANCING AN EQUATION (ALGEBRA)
KEY POINT:
The equals sign ("=") means that both sides are the same.
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To solve an equation with an unknown number, we have to figure out what number will balance both sides.
LEVEL 1 EXAMPLE:
7n = 49
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We know one side is 49. How do we make 49 on the other side?
We can solve this using mental math. What x 7 is 49?
7 x 7 = 49
n = 7
Or, we can solve this by getting x by itself. To do this we take away the 8. But what we do on one side, we have to do on the other:
7n = 49
divide 7 divide 7
n = 7
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LEVEL 2 EXAMPLE:
n * 7 = 99 - 50
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Start by solving the side that is complete:
n * 7 = 99 - 50
n * 7 = 49
Then complete by balancing the equation using one of the methods above.
7 * 7 = 99 - 50
n = 7